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The typical symptom of cancer of the urinary bladder is blood in the urine (hematuria). The tumour is identified by cystoscopy.

Head and neck cancer refers to malignant tumours of the head and neck region excluding the eyes, brain and thyroid.

The neurofibromatoses are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by benign tumours of the nervous system. We call these diseases just NF in Finnish.

The diagnosis is made by examination of tumour tissue samples obtained in connection with gastroscopy. Stomach cancer is treated by surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Magnetic Resonance guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU) therapy is a thermal ablation method, which can be used for treating solid primary tumours and metastases located deep within the body.

Cancer of the pancreas may not give any or only very mild symptoms initially. That is why pancreas cancer is often advanced at the time it is diagnosed, since symptoms emerge only when the tumour has grown to a sufficient size.

The intestinal cancers include cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum. These cancers have their origin in the glands of the inner surface of the intestine. They are the third most common cancers in Finland.

Cancer in the kidney (renal cancer, hypernephroma) causes blood to spill into in the urine which may be a first symptom. The cancer is visualized in imaging studies of the abdomen.