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Thyroid cancer is usually diagnosed from a cytological (cell) sample taken with a needle from a nodule that the patients has found in the neck.

The three most common forms of skin cancer are basal cell cancers (basaliomas), squamous cell cancers and melanomas.

Cancer in the kidney (renal cancer, hypernephroma) causes blood to spill into in the urine which may be a first symptom. The cancer is visualized in imaging studies of the abdomen.

The intestinal cancers include cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum. These cancers have their origin in the glands of the inner surface of the intestine. They are the third most common cancers in Finland.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Finland.

The typical symptom of cancer of the urinary bladder is blood in the urine (hematuria). The tumour is identified by cystoscopy.