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Cancer in the kidney (renal cancer, hypernephroma) causes blood to spill into in the urine which may be a first symptom. The cancer is visualized in imaging studies of the abdomen.

The most common tumours among children are different forms of haematological tumours, e.g., leukaemia. Of the tissue tumours, the most common ones are tumours of the brain, kidney, adrenal glands and extremities.